Investigation of Groundwater Occurrences Along the Nile Valley Between South Cairo and Beni Suef, Egypt, Using Geophysical and Geodetic Techniques

Abstract Water is becoming one of the most critical strategic challenges for any country. Egypt has numerous water resources, notable being Nile River. must seek alternative resources because development an Ethiopian dam reduced Nile's flow. Underground a source available water. Therefore, it necessary to understand variables governing flow subsurface in Egypt. The primary objective this study examine hydrological along Valley between southern Cairo and Beni Suef, Applying integrated geophysical geodetic methods can improve our understanding regime. Fault stress regimes have direct effect on underground Aeromagnetic data were used determine main faults area, four geoelectrical long profiles measured crossing Valley. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements observed points covered area. magnetic results show that two hit both which pronounced pattern ENE–WSW direction, NW–SE direction. For results, we second unit represents groundwater aquifer region, regulated obtained GNSS demonstrate compression forces south north influence Faults detected from geological maps observations are also influenced by south, while middle section displays tension forces. This geodynamic regime causes toward Southwestern regions, whereas flows outside northeastern part.